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c代表消费来源于消费的英语单词——Consumption的首字母；收入的英语单词——Income，首字母I与投资相同，故为了区分二者认为规定以y代表收入。
经济学是研究价值的生产、流通、分配、消费的规律的理论。经济学的研究对象和自然科学、其他社会科学的研究对象是同一的客观规律。
经济学是一门科学，是有机整体，是研究人类社会在各个发展阶段上的各种经济活动和各种相应的经济关系及其运行、发展的规律的学科。
经济学核心思想是物质稀缺性和有效利用资源，可分为两大主要分支，微观经济学和宏观经济学。起源希腊色诺芬、亚里士多德为代表的早期经济学，经过亚当·斯密、马克思、凯恩斯等经济学家的发展，经济学衍生出了演化证券学、行为经济学等交叉边缘学科。理论体系和应用不断完善和发展。
消费的英语shopping怎么写
消费是社会再生产过程中的一个重要环节，也是最终环节。那么你知道消费用英语怎么说吗?下面跟我一起学习消费的英语知识吧。
消费的英语说法
consume
expense
spending
消费的相关 短语超前消费 excessive consumption ; deficit spending ; pre-mature consumption ; overconsuming
消费主义 Consumerism ; Religion of Consumerism ; Mass consumption ; Theory of consumer demand
消费潮 Spending wave ; Age-wave
消费膨胀 inflated consumption ; inevened consumption ; inflated c umption
消费开支 consumption expenditure ; consumer spending ; consumer expenditure ; private consumption
消费模式 expenditure pattern ; consumption pattern ; spending pattern ; mode of consumption
情感消费 emotional consumption
消费支出 consumer spending ; consumption expenditures ; Personal Consumption Expenditures ; consumption
消费需求 consumer demand ; consumption demand ; consumption needs ; demand for consumption
消费的英语例句1. Novello says college students will spend $4.2 billion yearly on alcoholic beverages.
诺韦洛说大学生每年在酒精饮品上会消费掉42亿美元。
2. Spending could outrun the capacity of businesses to produce the goods.
消费有可能超出企业的产能。
3. We have allowed spending and borrowing to rise in this recession.
在此经济萧条时期，我们容许增加消费和借贷。
4. The reduced consumer demand is also affecting company profits.
消费需求的降低也影响到了公司的利润。
5. T-shirts, the epitome of American casualness, have moved upscale.
象征美国休闲风格的T恤，已经向高端消费市场迈进。
6. They are also spending much less on extras like meals in restaurants.
他们花在下馆子等额外消费上的钱也少多了。
7. There is a set menu from ?4.00 for two courses with coffee.
有最低消费是4英镑的两道菜加咖啡的套餐。
8. The restructuring of the pattern of consumption in Britain also lagged behind.
在消费结构重组方面，英国也落后于人。
9. Recycling the waste from our increased consumption is better than burning it.
对我们增加消费产生的垃圾进行回收要好过将其焚烧。
10. Consumers did not spend and create jobs; they hoarded.
消费者并没有消费进而创造就业机会，他们把钱都存起来了。
11. South Korea's imports of consumer products jumped 33% in this year.
今年，韩国消费产品的进口激增了33%。
12. New consumer credit fell to $3.7 billion in August.
8月份新增消费信贷降至37亿美元。
13. She later developed a taste for expensive nightclubs.
她后来逐渐变得喜欢去消费高昂的夜总会。
14. They have clearly embraced Western consumerism.
他们显然完全接受了西方的消费主义观念。
15. the lowering of taxes and the consequent increase in spending
税收降低与随之引起的消费增长
关于消费的英文阅读：大学生消费 警惕贷款陷阱fu yanxi could not help buying an iphone at only a third of its market price in january. but now he is running into trouble ? failing to pay the monthly due will damage his credit record.
今年一月，付彦锡(音译)忍不住买了部只要市价1/3价钱的iphone手机，但如今却陷入了困境?由于无法按月还款，他的个人信用记录将会受到影响。
?i regret my decision now. i thought i could squeeze out some 550 yuan every month to cover the loan,? said the 22-year-old english major at central china normal university. ?as it turns out i?m not very good at managing my limited budget.?
就读于华中师范大学英语专业、22岁的他说：?我很后悔之前的决定。原以为我每月能挤出550元来还贷，结果却发现自己并不擅长管理有限的预算。?
fu is not alone. according to a recent report in wuhan evening news, more than 20,000 students in the city, which has about 1 million college students, have taken out loans to buy smartphones, tablets and other digital gadgets.
遇到这种情况的不止付彦锡一人。《武汉晚报》近日报道称，在武汉100多万名在校大学生中，有超过2万人通过贷款来购买智能手机、平板电脑及其他数码设备。
experts say college students are inexperienced with handling credit. they should first learn to manage their basic budget and become more responsible, both financially and mentally.
有关专家表示，大学生在处理信贷方面 经验 不足，他们应该先学会安排基本开销，在经济与心理上变得更有责任感。
zhang shuyi, 21, felt reassured when the salesman explained the 12-month loan to him. he walked away with a 2,300-yuan smartphone having paid only 230 yuan. the process looked easy enough and it took less than 15 minutes for his student id, citizen id and an activated bankcard to be checked.
听了销售人员关于一年期贷款的解释后，21岁的张舒乙(音译)打消了之前的顾虑，最终以230元的首付购买了一部价值2300元的智能手机。整个过程看起来十分简单，只需提交学生证、身份证、以及一张激活了的银行卡，审核过程只用了15分钟。
?it was easy and the monthly due was only 250 yuan,? recalled the information engineering major at wuhan university of technology. later he purchased a digital camera in the same way.
就读于武汉科技大学信息工程专业的他回忆说：?这种方式十分便捷，每月也只需还250元。?之后，他用同样的 方法 购入了一部数码相机。
but when zhang couldn?t pay, he turned to his parents for help. a short calculation revealed that he had to pay 3,600 yuan for his 2,300 yuan phone, even though the initial payment looked minimal.
但是当张舒乙无力还贷时，他只好向父母求助。通过简单的计算便可得知，尽管看上去几乎?零首付?，但他却要为这部售价2300元的手机花掉3600元。
a lack of basic finance knowledge is one of the major reasons why students are falling into the credit purchase trap, said chen xin (not his real name), a credit manager at a local bank.
武汉当地一家银行的信贷经理陈新(化名)表示，缺乏金融常识是这些学生跌入信贷购物陷阱的主要原因之一
?what they see is only the small initial payment to take the gadget home,? said chen. ?some don?t realize that interest is charged on the loan. in zhang?s case it was more than 40 percent, which is basically usury.?
?他们只看到购买电子设备的首付很少，却没有意识到贷款利息。在张舒乙的事例中，利息高达40%，这基本上算是高利贷了。?
wuhan morning news conducted a survey on student budgets across five local universities. the report indicates that on average students have a monthly budget of 1,000 yuan. interestingly, more than 30 percent of respondents said they usually exceed their budget.
《武汉晨报》在武汉五所高校中进行了一项有关学生开销的调查，结果显示，学生平均每月预算为1000元。有趣的是，超过30%的受访者表示，他们通常会超出预算。
?everything was taken care of for these students before they entered college,? said shen qinlin, an education phd based in beijing. ?it can be very challenging for them to suddenly manage a budget all alone. but it?s a lesson they have to learn sooner or later.?
来自北京的 教育 学博士沈勤林(音译)认为：?在这些学生升入大学前，他们受到了无微不至的照顾。突然间要他们独立管理日常开销确实颇具挑战性。但这一课他们迟早都要学习。?
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购物的英文：shopping。
读音：英[p?]、美[?ɑ?p?]。
释义：
n. 购物，买东西。
v. 购物（shop的ing形式）。
例句：The supermarket offers?shopping?carts suitable for children.
这家超市提供适合小孩的购物车。
shopping造句如下：
1、Mother took a bag of?shopping?out of the trunk of the car.
妈妈从汽车后备箱里拿出了一袋子买的东西。
2、Do you want to go?shopping?this weekend?
这周末你想去购物吗？
3、Christmas?shopping?will continue until 8 p.m. next Tuesday.
圣诞节购物活动将会持续到下周二晚上8点。
4、Online?shopping?is a national activity on Nov. 11th in China.
在我国线上购物在双11的时候是一项举国活动。
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